Jeremiah Johnson The Mountain Man Essays - Films, Jeremiah Johnson

Jeremiah Johnson: The Mountain Man American History I Jeremiah Johnson: The Mountain Man In this movie, one may observe the different attitudes that Americans had towards Indians. The Indians were those unconquered people to the west and the almighty brave, Mountain Man went there, ?forgetting all the troubles he knew,? and away from civilization. The mountain man is going in search of adventure but as this ?adventure? starts he finds that his survival skills are not helping him since he cant even fish and as he is seen by an Indian, who watches him at his attempt to fish, he start respecting them. The view that civilization had given him of the west changes and so does he. Civilization soon becomes just something that exists ?down there.? The movie starts by showing the Indians as ?bad? when Johnson finds a note of another mountain man who has ?savagely? been killed by the Indians. This view changes as the movie points out tribes instead of Indians as just one group. Some of the tribes are shown dangerous and not to be messed with while others are friendly, still each tribe treats Johnson as ?outsider.? Indians are not portrayed as greater than ?white men? yet white men respect their laws, rituals and specific beliefs. Johnson is at first very na?ve and unaware of how the Indians work. Soon he learns from bear claw that there are different type of Indians some which you should never even think of fighting and some that had never hurt a white man before. More than to be respectful the mountain men submit to the Indians out of fear. Johnson accommodates to the environment and learns to coexist with the Indians. Jeremiah is ?given? a wife forcefully and as much as he does not want it he soon realizes he has everything he needs to just settle. Like in every good movie, just when you have all it is take away. The real trouble with the tribes comes when white men intervene and intrude. The Indians expect that these ?Americans? respect their territory and whatever rituals and beliefs they may have but just as Johnson was unaware of this when he first came so where the white men that came to save the Christian families. Civilization never would approve or respect many of the things that Jeremiah had learned to appreciate and even love. The view of all white men was best said by the bald guy when he referred to the Flathead leader, ?He may speak well and read the bible but he is still an injun.? The ?Mountain Man? is very romanticized in the movie. The Actor that was chosen for the part for example was Robert Redford the typical American hero, Blond, handsome, strong and able to survive in the wild, what else can you ask for? What really does it is the song at the beginning of the movie, which is a sort of song to a hero, a song of praise to this brave man on his way to the ?West.? The life of a ?Mountain Man? is a hard and arduous job that involves even risking your own life like the first dead mountain man he finds with a 50 Caliber rifle or the men that were killed by Indians and left ?crazy woman? alone. Another romantization of a ?Mountain Man? is struggle. The bad fishing at the beginning of the movie was not to show that the Indian was better but instead to show how this mountain man can struggle, start at zero and climb to the top. This struggle is proof of ?The Mountain Man's? extraordinary ability to adapt. Throughout the movie, the struggle with adapting to the environment and to the Indians and their beliefs plays a big role. The ?Mountain Man? is able to do all or learn how to. This mountain man leaves civilization in search of adventure, forms a family and learns to live this life in the wilderness and coexisting with the Indians. The ?Mountain Man? is the Good Samaritan who takes in a kid and a wife and helps those in trouble. He learns about tribes and how they are divided, which ones can be delt with and which ones

Definition and Examples of Singapore English

Definition and Examples of Singapore English Singapore English is a  dialect of the English language that is used in the Republic of Singapore, a lingua franca influenced by Chinese and Malay. Also called  Singaporean English. Educated speakers of Singapore English generally distinguish this variety of the language from Singlish (also known as Singapore Colloquial English). According to  Dr. Danica Salazar, world English editor at the Oxford English Dictionary, Singapore English is not the same as Singlish. While the former is a variant of English, Singlish is a language on its own with a different grammatical structure. It is also used mostly orally (reported in the Malay Mail Online, May 18, 2016).   See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AcrolectFiller WordsNew EnglishesNotes on English as a Global LanguageNull SubjectSemantic ChangeWorld English Examples and Observations It appears that a distinct brand of Singapore English is emerging, common to all the ethnic groups living in the country and quite unlike the varieties of English found in most other parts of the world, though it is true that many of its features are shared with the English spoken in Malaysia. It seems likely that the main difference between the English of the various ethnic groups in Singapore lies in the intonation (Lim 2000), though the precise details of the intonation of the different groups have yet to be established. . . .It is quite possible to sound Singaporean but still be easily understood in the rest of the world, and it seems that a mature variety of educated Singapore English is indeed emerging.(David Deterding, Singapore English. Edinburgh University Press, 2007)The Speak Good English CampaignIn Singapore, its time for another official crusadeand this past month its been the Speak Good English campaign, aimed at counteracting the spread of Singlish, a local patois incl uding many Hokkien and Malay words and constructions, particularly as its increasingly heard among new university entrants.Prime minister Lee Hsien Loong complains that the lingo is making too many young folk in the city-state unintelligible . . . at a time when the country is pulling out the stops to integrate itself with the English-speaking global economy.(Rage Against the Machine. The Guardian [UK], June 27, 2005) Standard English or Singlish?An opinion piece on Singlish in the New York Times (NYT) makes light of the Singapore Government’s efforts to promote the mastery of standard English by Singaporeans, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong’s press secretary wrote.In a  letter published in the newspaper  on Monday (May 23 [2016]), Ms. Chang Li Lin said the Government has a serious reason for its policy on standard English.Standard English is vital for Singaporeans to earn a living and be understood not just by other Singaporeans but also English speakers everywhere, she said.Singaporean poet and literary critic Gwee Li Sui wrote in the NYT piece, published on May 13, that years of state efforts to quash Singlish have only made it flourish.The more the state pushed its purist bilingual policy, the more the territory’s languages met and mingled in Singlish. Through playful, day-to-day conversations, the unofficial composite quickly became a formidable cultural phenomenon, he said.Calling the Government’s war on Singlish doomed from the start, Mr. Gwee said even politicians and officials are now using it.Finally grasping that this language is irrepressible, our leaders have begun to use it publicly in recent years, often in strategic attempts to connect with the masses, he wrote.In her rebuttal letter, Ms. Chang said using Singlish makes it harder for most Singaporeans to master the English language.(NYT Op-ed on Singlish Makes Light of Efforts to Promote Standard English. Channel NewsAsia, May 24, 2016) Characteristics of SinglishTwo dollar onny, dis one, a street vendor might say to you in Singapore. A local  might reply, Wah! So espensive one, cannot  leh.While this might sound like broken English, it is an example of Singlish,  the highly complicated English creole spoken in Singapore. Its  staccato, off-grammar patois is the subject of  much bemusement for visitors  to the country, and its almost impossible for outsiders to imitate. . . .Singlish comes from the mixing of Singapores four official languages: English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil. . . .The grammar of Singaporean English began to mirror the grammar of these languages. For example, a modern-day Singaporean could say I go bus-stop wait for you, to mean that he will wait for you at the bus stop. This phrase could be translated into either Malay or Chinese without having to change the grammatical structure of the sentence. . . .Words from the other languages became appropriated into the creole as well, creatin g an entire Singlish lexicon that  is used today. The word ang moh, for example, is a Hokkien word which literally translates to red hair, but is used in Singlish to describe people of Caucasian descent. The Malay word makan is commonly used to mean food, or the act of eating. The Tamil word goondu, which means fat in its original language, is used in Singlish to describe a person who is not very smart. . . .In formal settings, . . . Singlish tends to be toned down to its acrolectal form: Singlish words and grammatical structures are eliminated, and only the accent remains. In the day-to-day, however, a more colloquial form of Singlish is used.(Urvija Banerji, Singaporean English Is Almost Impossible to Pick Up.  Atlas Obscura, May 2, 2016) Kiasu[K]iasu is a noun and adjective from the Chinese Hokkien dialect, meaning extreme fear of losing, or of being second best. Its a notion the neurotically ambitious Singaporean and Malaysian professional middle classes regard as so self-defining that their sitcom character Mr Kiasu is a similar emblem of endearingly gruesome national character as Mr Brent is to us.Having made its way to the Singapore-English hybrid tongue called Singlish, kiasu completed its trek across the etymological world in March [2007] when the Oxford English Dictionary included it on its quarterly list of new words.(Matthew Norman, Kiasu, London W2. The Guardian, June 2, 2007)

The Nature of Beauty in Contemporary Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Nature of Beauty in Contemporary Art - Essay Example The essay "The Nature of Beauty in Contemporary Art" explores Contemporary Art's Nature of Beauty. Many artists have realized that there are problems in the world and have been working to try to change their role. This shift in the production of art to something that is more commentary and call to action is forcing the viewing public to change the way they think about art as well as the form in which the art is expressed. â€Å"Vision is not defined by the disembodied eye, as we have been trained to believe. Vision is a social practice that is rooted in the whole of being†. In describing this break, Gablick describes a project conducted by a friend on the Rio Grande River in which the journal of the friend documents the emergence of the river itself as artist and the relationship it develops with the friend as art. Rather than simply an ecological clean-up effort, Gablick argues that Dominique Mazeaud’s project was artwork because of the way it was serving to bring out the beauty of the river as it was being cleaned up and as a realization of nature as a living, breathing thing with which one could have a relationship. In discussing this project, Gablick argues against critics who claim art as social commentary reduces its aesthetic value by arguing that such art works to create a more beautiful world and to heal the soulless attitudes held toward the physical world. Gablick concludes her article with transcriptions of dialogue she had with other artists. Thomas Moore indicates that art is the most important.

Explain the relationship betweenTeam Learning and Shared Vision Term Paper - 1

Explain the relationship betweenTeam Learning and Shared Vision - Term Paper Example ave its basis on the cognitive capabilities of every individual that varies according to history of psychological patterns as expressed by many theories, specifically the Psycho Dynamic Theory (Klein, 1998). In contrast, team learning is a vast concept with huge nitty-gritty involved in it. It requires extensive effort and investment of a lot of time to lead a team through a learning process. Since, there are many individuals who have to go through distinct cognitive processes unique than the rest, the learning process is extensive with many endorsements to get things clear on part of every individual. Thus, it reaches a high level of complexity that could mean excessive repetition for some individuals if they are quick learners and can readily adapt to a change. Moreover, to add to the complexity in a team-learning environment, every individual happens to have a distinct social, cultural, psychological, religious, and psychosocial background. These factors have unique and strong impact over the lives of those individuals and these factors influence the way they carry themselves in different lifestyles. Their thinking capabilities and cognition are usually shaped by these factors since their brought up and lifestyle depend on them. Therefore, a team of diversified individuals with distinctive lifestyles and culture are very much difficult to handle making it difficult to impart something to them homogeneously. On the contrary, in an individual learning, the specific person is considered as a unit; however, in team learning, the whole team is a unit. Thus, it does not matter if half of the members work effectively and the other half does not; the only thing that could make them successful would be every individual putting up good efforts and collaborating with each other’s aptitudes to achieve something, which is aspired and pursued by all of them (Gorelick, Milton & April, 2004). Coming towards the second concept, let the paper analyze what the concept

Human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Human resource management - Essay Example An independent analysis of the online recruitment models at Price Waterhouse Coopers, Marks and Spencer and Barclay’s was conducted to determine whether these models are properly aligned to gain the best talent required. Marks and Spencer significantly emphasises the corporate culture that resides at the firm as a means of differentiating the business from competing retail recruiters. The website is constructed for extreme ease of navigation through the various informational pages, providing clear and distinct weblinks to explore the many diverse values portrayed by the organisation. On the â€Å"Our Values† page, Marks and Spencer clearly lists the core foundation of culture, including elements of trust, innovation, commitment, and quality of service (Marks and Spencer 2012). From this page, the candidate is able to navigate easily to learn of the many benefits of gaining employment with the firm, including employee discounts, receipt of bonus scheme outcomes, and pens ion opportunities for long-term reward (Marks and Spencer 2012). In every detail, this organisation wants the candidate to understand the dynamics of business operations and human resources philosophy at the organisation, providing ample information on leadership at the firm and the strong emphasis on diversity prevalent in this business model. No proverbial stone is left unturned in relation to providing comprehension of organisational culture and business mission and vision to assist the candidate in determining whether they would be a proper fit for this business model. The image portrayed by Marks and Spencer is one of leadership-based competence and one in which candidates should expect human resources models to contain much emphasis on social belonging and professional development. An independent candidate that prefers individualism rather than collective work groups, after assessing the sizeable basket of information about the company, might select a competitor with a more ce ntralised business model. However, the blend of knowledge portrayed on the corporate recruitment site leaves little to the imagination about what should be expected upon gaining employment. Barclays and Price Waterhouse Coopers take a different approach to the online recruitment process, with much less emphasis on transformational leadership and cultural development. As both of these companies operate in the financial sector, in generally centralised hierarchies, the content of these two recruitment websites are more professional-centric describing values associated with meeting strategic corporate goals rather than focusing on the interpersonal dynamic of inter-office relationship development. Offers Price Waterhouse Coopers, â€Å"Our culture is all about our people. The development of our people is key and though we are all driven by different aspirations, we share the same commitment to quality† (pwc.co.uk 2012, p.1). Price Waterhouse Coopers attempts to illustrate that h ard work is the cornerstone of meeting service needs and achieving long-term goals with much less emphasis on the psycho-social dynamic of employment. Though the website is easy to navigate with ample weblinks leading to job-related information, the focus of recruitment is navigation through many web pages describing domestic and international career positions with well-developed and thorough job descriptions. Barclay’s, as well, places much less emphasis on the dynamics of existing organisational cu

Leadership Organisational Performance And Emotional Intelligence Management Essay

Leadership Organisational Performance And Emotional Intelligence Management Essay Introduction to the Problem The difficulty in studying concepts such as leadership, organisational performance, emotional intelligence and the interrelations between the three constructs, is that these terms are hard to define, describe, and to measure systematically. The disagreement among theorists concerning the definitions of these variables has led to further controversy about research design and instrumentation and to exacerbate this situation, there appears to be few gains being made to improve our understanding of these important concepts. Leadership is a difficult concept to fully appreciate and understand. Burns (1978) comments that Leadership is one of the most observed and least understood phenomena on earth (p. 19). This statement appears to be just as true and accurate today as it was when Burns made it. Since Burns made this powerful statement, the interest in understanding leadership and its consequences has intensified. While the term leadership has existed for centuries and has been most commo nly associated with the military, the emergence of manager, as a leader, is a relatively new phenomenon. Because of the perceived and actual influence of managers and their importance to globalisation, prosperity, and economic growth, interest in this new leader has been and continues to be intense. There are hundreds of studies that tend to popularise and evaluate managers to a level that seems unattainable by most. Yet for all of the books, articles, and studies available on leadership and the managers, who lead, there is very little known about the attitudes, behaviours and characteristics that engender effective manager performance. Even sparser is the information that tries to tie the leadership style of the managers with their emotional intelligence on the performance of the organisation. When the substantial body of leadership literature is reviewed there appears to be two clear distinctions made by the scholars. One body of work focuses on the internal dispositions or characteristics of the leaders while the second is concerned with the behaviours and activities of the same leaders. However, the connection between these two distinct views is not always clear or easy to understand. The current study was undertaken in an effort to address some of the gaps in empirical research and to apply the results of transformational leadership in one of public listed automotive manufacturing companies, EPMB in Malaysia where there is a dearth of such information available for manufacturing industry. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to examine the relationship between a managers score on transformational leadership with the performance of the organisation; (2) to explore the relationship between the constructs of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence; and (3) to find out if there is any positive relationship exists between organisational performance and transformational leadership with emotional intelligence presence. The current investigation extends prior empirical work in at least three ways. First, the study integrates trait and behavioural approaches to leadership effectiveness in a field that is relatively new one for the study of transformational leadership. Second, the total population consisted of practicing managers. Presently, there are very few empirical studies that examine the relationship among managers, transformational leadership behaviours, their emotional intelligence capabilities and organisational performance. Third, both objective (financial performance measures) and subjective evaluations (direct report responses) of leader effectiveness and emotional intelligence capabilities were utilised. This study adds value to the current leadership literature and plays a small role in bringing an old idea into the le adership light in Malaysia manufacturing industry. One frequently discussed theory is that of transformational leadership, first introduced by Burns in 1978. Transformational leaders change their organisations culture by inspiring a sense of mission and purpose about the importance of the groups work and stimulating new ways of thinking and problem solving (Bass Avolio, 1993). Transformational leaders inspire individuals within an organisation to work harder and to strive for the highest levels of performance (Bass, 1985). While Bass, Burns and Avolio support the applicability of transformational leadership to all forms of organisation, which includes the largest public companies, other investigators find transformational leadership is not universally applicable to organisations (Inkson, Kerr and Moss, 1993). To exacerbate the situation, there is no evidence to say emotional intelligence is the moderating factor to transformational leadership towards improving organisational performance. Background of the Study An understanding of the interplay between transformational leadership and organisational performance is an important factor for developing effective organisations. Finding ways to optimise the performance of people and hence, the organisation has been, and continues to be, a major concern for organisational leaders. Thus exploration on emotional intelligence capabilities of leaders is essential too. In todays service-based, knowledge economy, many companies are beginning to shift away from traditional models of management, originally developed for production oriented firms, and now require a broader range of leadership skills and styles that are adaptive to diversity and to dramatic, often discontinuous changes in the work environment. As globalisation becomes more pronounced especially in automotive industry, the changes may become even more dramatic as firms struggle to meet competition that only a few decades ago did not even exist. Some of the promising paradigms of leadership are including people in them and tend to describe people, which include managers, as the organisations most important assets. A summary of some of these is as follows: concern for people (Blake Mouton, 1964), the value of people (Sashkin, 1984), human concern (Kilman Saxton, 1991), individualized consideration (Bass, 1985), and people orientation (Cooke Lafferty, 1994). The importance of motivating people to complete tasks at a high level so that the organisation performs well is a key role of manager especially in Malaysia manufacturing industry and was one of the main reasons for this study. Transformational leaders motivate followers both to work for transcendental goals and to increase commitment and in doing so, perform beyond the expectations those followers have for themselves. Statement of the Problem The problem in this study was to determine the degree of relationship that exists between transformational leadership, emotional intelligence and organisational performance as measured by return of capital employed (ROCE) in one of local public listed automotive manufacturing company in Malaysia. The lack of current knowledge on this subject and between these variables hinders our ability to place a value on transformational leadership and emotional intelligence capabilities and their importance in organisational performance. By knowing such knowledge, it would help EPMB managers to employ effective transformational leadership effectively in the organisation, rather than transactional leadership which is primarily task-focused. Research indicated that transactional leadership was limited in terms of effectiveness (Vishalli Kumar, 2004). Purpose of the Study The purpose of this quantitative descriptive correlational study was to determine the relationship of transformational leadership to organisational performance in one of the local public listed automotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia, EPMB. The study utilised the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire developed by Bass and Avolio in 1995 (MLQ-5X) and Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) widely used by Boyatzis et al., 1999 in emotional intelligence research, to measure the level of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence capabilities respectively in each subsidiary companies of EPMB, i.e. PEPS-JV, EPP, FUNDWIN and EPMD. The overall strategy was to quantify the level of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence capabilities using scores on the MLQ and ECI respectively, and then correlate these with the organisations performance measured objectively by the organisations ROCE during the same period under these leaders. The focus of correlational research is to describe the relationships among variables rather than determine a cause-and-effect relationship. Correlational studies are useful to describe how one observable fact is related to another in situations where there is no control over some of the research variables (Lappe, 2000). In the current study, the variables of emotional intelligence and transformational leadership were believed to influence the organisational performance. Research Questions The following research questions were addressed in this study for EPMB company. Q1: Is there a significant relationship between transformational leadership and organisational performance? Q2: Is there a significant relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence? Q3: Is there a significant relationship between transformational leadership with emotional intelligence and organisational performance? This study answered these questions through the analysis of data gathered utilising the MLQ-5X (Bass Avolio, 1995) and ECI (Boyatzis et al., 1999; Wolff, 2006). These questions were converted to hypotheses as below since this was a quantitative study and it is advisable that quantitative studies have either research questions or hypotheses, but not both (Creswell, 2003). The following are statements of null and alternative hypotheses that correspond to the research questions: H10: There is no statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership and organisational performance. H1A: There is a statistically significant, positive relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence H20: There is no statistically relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence. H2A: There is a statistically significant, positive relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence. H30: There is no statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership with emotional intelligence and organisational performance. H3A: There is a statistically significant, positive relationship between transformational leadership with emotional intelligence and organisational performance. Significance of the Study This research project yielded new information regarding the importance of transformational leadership style to the automotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia. For the organisations performing well, this information presented the opportunity to understand the importance of leader and follower development to continue performing well, and for those not performing to a similar level, the data is cause for reflection and an opportunity for improving development policies or changing leadership styles. Since the data gathered in this study does indicate a significant relationship between transformational leadership style and the performance of the organisation with and without emotional intelligence presence, further research should be undertaken to build on this finding and hopefully to improve on the understanding and meaning of the relationships. Of equally important significance due to the dearth of information available on the relationships between the three constructs in Malaysia, the results of this study will be made available to all companies that participated. This study is a small start in the right direction for companies that need leaders to continue to attract the right people for sustainable performance. Bass and Avolio (1992) have concluded that transformational leadership is important and that leadership training of managers at all levels should become an integral component of organisational education. A final component of this study is its potential impact on the selection and hiring of managers. Managers typically have an enormous impact on their organisations, constituents, and communities. Therefore, the compounded costs of making a mistake in the selection, hiring, or promotion of managers can be financially and operationally staggering. If transformational leadership is the correct and upcoming style for a utomotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia, then the selection teams could begin to narrow the focus and save time, money, and maybe companies by selecting the most effective leaders to lead their companies. In addition, since there are relationships between the variables, additional predictors of manager success can now be developed and shared with other organisations in Malaysia, thereby aiding in industry development and expansion and possibly enhancing Malaysias competitive position. Definition and Terms For the purposes of this research study, there are several terms that are necessary to address and they are as follows. Correlation. A correlation exists when the measurements of one variable either increases or decreases as the other variable increases or decreases (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Correlational study. Correlational research study designs involve either the identification of characteristics in an observed phenomenon or exploring possible correlations regarding two or more variables (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Descriptive research design. A means for providing a systemic manner by which facts and/or characteristics of an existing occurrence, or occurrences, are described (Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Emotional intelligence. The ability to recognise ones own feelings and the feelings of others for the purpose of motivating ourselves and for effectively managing the emotions in ourselves and in others (Wolff, 2006). Organisational performance. In this study, it was defined as return on capital employed (ROCE) over 2005-2009. Quantitative research approach. A method by which researchers use post positivist acclamations in creating facts and predetermined inquiries such as experiments, surveys, and data collection tools to measure statistical data (Creswell, 2003). Transformational leadership. This is the basis for the study and the researchers primary interest. It could mean different things to different readers unless properly defined. For Bass and Avolio (1993), transformational leadership contains the interrelated components of charisma or idealised influence (attributed or behavioural), inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualised consideration. Transformational leadership behaviours are influential in motivating follower change and transforming followers to be more aware of task outcomes, activating their highest order needs, and extending beyond their own self-interest for the benefit of the organisation. Assumptions The first assumption in this study was that transformational leadership is an effective leadership style based on previous studies even though none have been related to the automotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia. Most previous studies were related to the military, non-profits institutions, or educational institutions. A second assumption was that there are similarities between the subsidiary companies of EPMB being researched even though they operate in different ways due to their products, customers and locations. It is possible that organisational performance is impacted by business climate to a similar degree as that by transformational leadership. A third and final assumption was that the managers/leaders (self reports) more truthfully answer the MLQ-5X and ECI even though this may not be the case in all completed surveys. This has been reported in other studies regarding leadership and emotional intelligence, and may have affected data and perceived relationships between the variables studied. The researcher was cognizant of these findings and tried to ensure that steps were taken to minimize such influences. Limitations Bias within a study can be minimized by not exposing the purpose or desired outcome to participants. The population for the current study was limited to 20 managers within EPMB who participated by taking the MLQ-5X (Bass Avolio, 1995) and ECI (Boyatzis et al., 1999; Wolff, 2006). Although the participants were informed of the study, no specifics were given as to the purpose or desired outcome. The population for the current study was limited because of availability, EPMB permission, and the amount of time available to conduct the study. The study was limited to managers who identify themselves as having worked a company in one of the subsidiary companies during the fiscal year of 2005. The population studied was quantitatively small, but it was an accurate representation of all managerial skill levels. This was because the sample population accounted 42.6% of all managers in EPMB. In addition, the sample group exemplified the various mix and types of operations throughout the organisation. The validity of the study was limited to the reliability of the structured testing instrument along with the participants perception of their leadership behaviours. A relatively new, self-reporting instrument (see Appendix A) was used to measure the levels of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence within managers using MLQ-5X and ECI respectively. The instrument for the current research study was considered cross-sectional since data were collected during one particular timeframe and not over a period of years (Creswell, 2003; Leedy Ormrod, 2005). Cross-sectional and self-reporting instruments are necessary for the assessment of self and others, but they have limitations. Nevertheless, Emmerling and Goleman (2003) stated that the limitations of such tests produced an insignificant amount of discrepancy. Most of the self-reporting instruments are primarily concerned with the connection between detailed behaviors and explicit personas. Self-reporting instruments are better indicators of organisational performance than self-assessment tools (Emmerling Goleman, 2003). Detailed Dissertation Framework and Study Variables Figure 1.1 is a more detailed representation of the relationship between transformational leadership (TL) and emotional intelligence and their impact can have on the performance of the organisation as a whole. The underlying premise is that transformational leadership does influence individuals who in turn impact the organisation with emotional intelligence as a moderating factor. The question that this study tried to answer was: What are the relationships and how do the relationships impact ROCE in the organisation over time? The elements in Figure 1.1 marked with the asterisks are those that were identified in the literature as being the most prevalent especially in studies that cited the work of Bass (1985), and Bass and Avolio (1990, 1995). The overall flow of the diagram suggests that the leader impacts the follower, and as the leaders behaviors impact more and more followers and as the range of impact increases, the organisations performance is improved. As the organisation imp roves with respect to many of the measures highlighted in Figure 1.1, it affects the ROCE of the firm and that is what this study tried to determine. Transformational Leadership Employee Effects/ Behaviours Organisational Effects/ Contributing Factors Attributed charisma Idealised influence Inspirational motivation Individualised consideration Managing change Increased productivity Achieving goals Coordinating teamwork Job satisfaction Increased self-confidence Increased performance (at all levels)*** Increased follower motivation*** Willingness to put forth extra effort*** Increased optimism Increase in learning activities Increase in innovative thinking Performance of ROCE Lower overall costs Increased sales Proactive change management Better communication Higher corporate goals Better quality products Increased customer service Increased educational opportunities More RD activities Emotional Intelligence Organisational Performance (measured by ROCE) Self-awareness Self-management Self-awareness Social awareness Social skills Figure 1.1: Detailed framework with study variables and contributing factors Table 1.1 identifies the major research questions in the study that were translated into hypotheses since the study is a quantitative one. It identifies the independent and dependent variables, as well as the statistical tests chosen to appropriately analyse the potential relationship between the dependent, independent and moderating variables. As outlined below, there were three research questions that were translated into three hypotheses (Hypothesis 1, Hypothesis 2 and Hypothesis 3), the independent variable (transformational leadership score), the dependent variable (ROCE), the moderating variable (level of emotional intelligence) and the applicable statistical tests. Figure 1.1: Research Questions, Hypotheses, Variables, and Statistical Tests Question Hypotheses Independent /Moderator Variable Independent/ Dependent Variable Statistical Test What is the relationship between TL and ROCE performance? H1: There is no statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership and organisational performance TL score on MLQ measured by questionnaires (Independent variable) ROCE performance (Dependent variable) Homogeneity of Variance test, ANOVA analysis, Pearsons correlation coefficient, What is the relationship between TL and EI? H2: There is no statistically relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence EI score on ECI measured by questionnaires (Section B) (Moderator variable) TL score on MLQ-5X measured by questionnaires (Section A) (Independent variable) Homogeneity of Variance test, ANOVA analysis, Pearsons correlation coefficient Figure 1.1: (Continued) Question Hypotheses Independent /Moderator Variable Independent/ Dependent Variable Statistical Test What is the relationship between TL, EI and ROCE performance? H3: There is no statistically significant relationship between transformational leadership with emotional intelligence and organisational performance TL score on MLQ-5X measured by questionnaires (Section A) (Independent variable) EI score on ECI measured by questionnaires (Section B) (Moderator variable) ROCE performance (Dependent variable) Partial correlation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis Organisation of the Remainder of the Study The remainder of the study is devoted to the discussion of transformational leadership and emotional intelligence and their relationships to organisational performance based on several earlier studies. Chapter 2 is the literature review for the key variable in the study. Chapter 3 describes the methodology for the research study. Chapter 4 discusses the results of the questionnaire survey (MLQ-5X and ECI) in addition to the objective performance measure (ROCE) of the companies based on press releases, annual reports, and analysts reports. Chapter 5 is a discussion of the results including: limitations of the measures and procedures, conclusions, and implications for future research.

The Severe Effect of Global Warming Essay -- essays research papers

Global Warming When we think of global warming, we think about Air pollution, rise of temperature, melting glaciers, carbon dioxide emissions and so no. But even though we know that these factors could lead to a global catastrophe, very often we do not realize what king of severe effect the global warming could have on our planet. Imagine that you are placed into the future. It is some where around 2050. You begin to live in this new world, but the planet is not the same any more. You hear about huge storms over much of the North America that cause severe damage and flooding. San Francisco, New York City, Miami, Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal all experience major flooding from the ocean level having risen so high. Thousands and thousands of people die each summer across the world as the temperature soars to 65Â ° C for 2 weeks straight. No, this is not total fantasy. All of these events could really occur over less then half a century. All of them are results of one problem — the global warming. It is a huge issue with many consequences. People just do not realize that all of these events could occur if the action is not taken. If we work together, and unite our efforts we can stop the global warming. (Thesis) It is our attitude at the beginning of a difficult task which, more than anything else will affect the outcome. *What is global warming Global warming is the increase in the temperature on average during the extended period of time. It has been first noticed by the scientist some time around 1980s. Since then lots of studies were made about this issue. Scientists from around the world have come to a conclusion that the climate on the Earth is changing. Our planet is continually being warmed by different sources suc... ...go up. Cleaning a dirty air conditioner filter can save 5% of the energy used. In North America 40,000 pounds of carbon dioxide is released per person every year. We can decrease that number by simply not wasting the energy resources that we take form the nature. Since the people's actions have caused global warming, our actions can also help reduce this threat.(climax) Anyone can help by taking personal action and encouraging the people in your community to do the same. We should stop looking at the global warming as at the prediction. It is already happening right now. The problem is not new. We know it is still happening, so why is it still happening?(Chiasmus) We could not afford to let it happened! Global warming is a time bomb, a race against time.(Metaphor) In order to will this raise we need to be together, to save out planet for the future generations. The Severe Effect of Global Warming Essay -- essays research papers Global Warming When we think of global warming, we think about Air pollution, rise of temperature, melting glaciers, carbon dioxide emissions and so no. But even though we know that these factors could lead to a global catastrophe, very often we do not realize what king of severe effect the global warming could have on our planet. Imagine that you are placed into the future. It is some where around 2050. You begin to live in this new world, but the planet is not the same any more. You hear about huge storms over much of the North America that cause severe damage and flooding. San Francisco, New York City, Miami, Vancouver, Toronto and Montreal all experience major flooding from the ocean level having risen so high. Thousands and thousands of people die each summer across the world as the temperature soars to 65Â ° C for 2 weeks straight. No, this is not total fantasy. All of these events could really occur over less then half a century. All of them are results of one problem — the global warming. It is a huge issue with many consequences. People just do not realize that all of these events could occur if the action is not taken. If we work together, and unite our efforts we can stop the global warming. (Thesis) It is our attitude at the beginning of a difficult task which, more than anything else will affect the outcome. *What is global warming Global warming is the increase in the temperature on average during the extended period of time. It has been first noticed by the scientist some time around 1980s. Since then lots of studies were made about this issue. Scientists from around the world have come to a conclusion that the climate on the Earth is changing. Our planet is continually being warmed by different sources suc... ...go up. Cleaning a dirty air conditioner filter can save 5% of the energy used. In North America 40,000 pounds of carbon dioxide is released per person every year. We can decrease that number by simply not wasting the energy resources that we take form the nature. Since the people's actions have caused global warming, our actions can also help reduce this threat.(climax) Anyone can help by taking personal action and encouraging the people in your community to do the same. We should stop looking at the global warming as at the prediction. It is already happening right now. The problem is not new. We know it is still happening, so why is it still happening?(Chiasmus) We could not afford to let it happened! Global warming is a time bomb, a race against time.(Metaphor) In order to will this raise we need to be together, to save out planet for the future generations.

Allowing Students to Bring Mobile Phones to School Essay

In today’s generation, mobile phones have been a necessity in everyone everyday lives. Many teenagers today describe their mobile phones as their â€Å"life†. Technology nowadays increasingly sophisticated makes all information is just at our fingertips. So, the question arose whether mobile phones should be allowed during school sessions? What are the effects of it? Some people support this proposal because they felt that mobile phones can help students at the school. While some others felt that it will increase social problems among students. As for my opinion, there are two pros allowing students to bring mobile phones to the school, which is act as convenient communication tool and learning aids, and one con which is increasing in criminal cases. With the development of technology, each purpose of usage has its own pros and cons. There are some advantages of allowing students to bring mobile phones to school which is act as convenient communication tool and learning aids. Firstly, as a communication tool, students can use mobile phones to keep in touch with their parents or friends while they are still at school. As a small tool, mobile phones are very convenient to the students to carry it around the school in their pocket or bag. Moreover, students can use mobile phones as an emergency aid. As we know nowadays that there are lots of illegal activities such as bully and theft that has already plagued school. So, by allowing students to bring mobile phones to school, students can use it to contact authorities if they are in danger during school hour. Besides that, mobile phones can also be used as learning aids at school. As stated above, the technology of mobile phones nowadays is very advance and sophisticated. Thus, students can used this technology to aid them and look for information about knowledge in the faster ways. There are lots of functions or application such as calculator, maps, internet, dictionaries, notes, and calendars that can assist students in their learning process at school. That’s why Deputy Education Minister, Datuk Dr Wee Ka Siong said that in 2013, students will be allowed to bring mobile phones and IT gadgets to school after the rules and regulations under the Education Act 1996 are  amended. It is suggested like that because the government has foreseen how mobile phone can aid students to gain more and faster knowledge during school hour. Read more:  Essay on Heavy School Bags However, every development there is also con when bring a mobile phones to school, which is increasing in criminal cases. Some examples of criminal cases that occur in the school are theft, bullying and cheating. First of all is theft cases, there are good chances of phone theft when students bring an expensive and attractive mobile phones to school. In fact, Datin Noor Azimah (The Star Online, 2012) said â€Å"When there is a theft, time would be spent and wasted while trying to look for the culprit and this would likely disrupt classes†. So, it is best to leave them at home to prevent this problem from occur. As well as bullying, this is the form of cyber-bullying that has replaced the physical bullying and makes the school environment unsafe for many students. This is because, mobile phones nowadays have a built-in digital camera, and there is a distinct possibility that some students may take unflattering pictures, send incriminating videos, or utter threatening. Therefore, the use of mobile phones can be quickly turned into tools of corruption. Apart from it there is increasing in cheating cases. Mobile phones that can surf the Web and have application such as advance calculator or camera can facilitate cheating on tests, quizzes, in-class essays and other assignments. For example, an article titled â€Å"Students Called on SMS Cheating† proves that cheating is present inside the classroom, and allowing cell phones inside the classroom puts a teacher’s classroom management at risk. As a result, it will give a lot of trouble to school. To conclude, we can see that allowing students to bring mobile phones to school will be beneficial to them. Even though, mobile phones can be used as a communication tool and learning aids, still the disadvantages such as increase in criminal cases will give more impact to student’s life and that cannot be overlooked. REFERENCE Bernama (2012, July 17). PTA: No mobile phones to school, please! The Star. Retrieved from http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/7/17/nation/20120717222415&sec=nation Culture: Education. (2003, January 30). Students called on SMS cheating. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/culture/education/news/2003/01/57484 Loo T. E. (2012, July 16). Students can take handphones, IT gadgets to school from 2013. The Star. Retrieved from http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/7/17/nation/20120717222415&sec=nation

Art Careers essays

Art Careers essays Designers- people with a desire to create. They combine practical knowledge with artistic ability to turn abstract ideas into formal designs for the clothes that we wear, the living and office space that we inhabit, and the merchandise that we buy. Designers usually specialize in a particular area of design, such as automobiles, clothing, furniture, home appliances, industrial equipment, interiors of homes or office buildings, movie and theater sets, packaging, or floral arrangements. Visual artists- create art to communicate ideas, thoughts, or feelings. They use a variety of methods-painting, sculpting, or illustration-and an assortment of materials, including oils, watercolors, acrylics, pastels, pencils, pen and ink, plaster, clay, and computers. Visual artists works may be realistic, stylized, or abstract and may depict objects, people, nature, or events. Fine artists- create art to satisfy their own need for self-expression. Illustrators and graphic designers- put their artistic skills at the service of commercial clients, such as major corporations; retail stores; and advertising, design, and publishing firms. Sculptors- design three-dimensional art works-either by molding and joining materials such as clay, glass, wire, plastic, fabric, or metal or by cutting and carving forms from a block of plaster, wood, or stone. Some sculptors combine various materials to create mixed-media works. In recent years, some sculptors have incorporated light, sound, and motion into their works. Printmakers- create printed images from designs cut or etched into wood, stone, or metal. After cutting the design, the artist inks the surface of the woodblock or stone and rolls or stamps it onto paper to make an impression. Some printmakers make prints by graphically encoding data and processing it, using a computer. The computer-enhanced images are printed using printers with specially loaded software or are transmitted electronic...

Aquatic Communities

Aquatic Communities Aquatic communities are the worlds major water habitats. Like land biomes, aquatic communities can also be subdivided based on common characteristics. Two common designations are  freshwater and marine communities. Freshwater Communities Rivers and Streams are bodies of water that continuously move in a single direction. Both are rapidly changing communities. The source of the river or stream usually differs significantly from the point at which the river or stream empties. A variety of plants and animals can be found in these freshwater communities, including trout, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and of course, various species of fish. Estuaries are the areas where freshwater streams or rivers meet the ocean. These highly productive regions contain widely diverse plant and animal life. The river or stream usually carries many nutrients from inland sources, making estuaries capable of supporting this rich diversity and high productivity. Estuaries are feeding and breeding grounds for a variety of animals, including  waterfowl, reptiles, mammals, and amphibians. Lakes and Ponds are standing bodies of water. Many streams and rivers end in lakes and ponds. Phytoplankton are usually found in the upper layers. Because light is absorbed only to certain depths, photosynthesis is common only in the upper layers. Lakes and ponds also support a variety of plant and animal life, including  small fish, brine shrimp, aquatic insects, and numerous plant species. Marine Communities Oceans cover approximately 70% of the earths surface. Marine communities are difficult to divide into distinct types  but can be classified based on the degree of light penetration. The simplest classification consists of two distinct zones: the photic and aphotic zones. The photic zone is the light zone or area from the surface of the water to the depths at which the light intensity is only around 1 percent of that at the surface. Photosynthesis occurs in this zone. The vast majority of marine life exists in the photic zone. The aphotic zone is an area that receives little or no sunlight. The environment in this zone is extremely dark and cold. Organisms living in the aphotic zone are often bioluminescent or are extremophiles and adept at living in extreme environments. As with the other communities, a variety of organisms live in the ocean. Some include  fungi, sponges, starfish, sea anemones, fish, crabs, dinoflagellates, green algae, marine mammals, and giant kelp.

Canadian folksong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Canadian folksong - Essay Example devoted half his work to the post-World War I ear, a time of decisive change, which saw the slow vanishing of colonial reasoning in Canadian world, mainly music, as Canada achieved the status of a fully independent country. Fowke pulled together numerous threads in his action of transforming Canadian musical institutions, the effect of the growing recording and broadcasting industries, the association of instrumental ensembles, the early stages of state endorsement for the Anglo-Canadian folksong, as he surveys their accumulative implications on music publishing, music education, performance, instrument making, as well as composition. The article discusses every aspect of Anglo-Canadian folksongs; who were involved in its development, stages of its development and the contemporary scene of Anglo-Canadian folksongs. The first significant collector of Anglo-Canadian folksongs was W. Roy Mackenzie, according to Fowke (335), who started his collecting in his home, Nova Scotia, back in 1908. Even then, Mackenzie lamented the sad truth that the spoken propagation of ballads has in those days and generation roughly ceased. In the 60 odd years since, Mackenzie found out that the folksinger is a much tougher breed than anyone considered, and collecting has moved on apace. Another central aspect of the journal article is that it teaches folksingers the history of the songs the love to sing. As discussed by Fowke (345), all the musician-transcribers state the freestyle of the singing and the complexity of representing the tune in traditional musical notation. Since folksingers vary the tune from stanza to stanza, frequently changes the rhythm from phrase to phrase, and, at times, decorates the tune with countless grace notes, it is not possible to note the music with total accuracy. The most excellent way to study how the songs were, in fact, sung is to pay attention to recordings of customary singers. Fowke’s assessment of the sociological data is generally sound, in

Should animal be used for scientific experiment Research Paper

Should animal be used for scientific experiment - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, to describe tortures of animals in laboratories is rather complicated; it is much easier just to imagine it. Experiments on non-human creatures started long time ago and were notable among many famous scientists. However, lately a query about rightness of such tests has aroused considerably. Dispute on the efficiency and appropriateness of animal experiments continues to stay rather controversial. There are a large number of different organizations such as â€Å"The International Association against Painful Experiments on Animals†, â€Å"The Human Society of the United States† or â€Å"British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection†, which propagandize refusal of any tests on animals and condemn those companies that do not go along with them. In the list of the firms that still haunt rats, mice, rabbits, cats, monkeys and other creatures for trying out their output you can find so world-known brands as Dove, Sunsilk, Rexona, Timotei, Axe, Speed Stic k, Colgate, Max Factor, Pantene, Braun, Ariel, L'Oreal Paris, Lancome, Maybelline, Vichy, Givenchy, Kenzo, Кleenex et cetera. There is the biggest laboratory in Europe named  «Huntingdon Life Sciences » that specializes on testing chemicals. Every year millions of innocent and harmless animals die for the sake of scientific research. It is quite understandable if people use animals to create medicine from AIDS or cancer, for example. Then you can easily say that these scientists serve for saving people from dreadful diseases and deaths. But when poor animals are tormented by painful effects of cosmetics testers then a question about reasonability of the mentioned deeds becomes sharp extremely. Animals are compelled to sacrifice themselves loosing their lives and stipulations of normal existence for making people satisfied with a new detergent or night cream, for instance. In this respect, there are several aspects and arguments that support the idea of animal experiments proh ibition. They are the following: Killing animals for experimentations is ethically wrong, because it displays cruelty and callousness of human nature; Animals have their rights that should be respected and protected by people; Carried out researches often do not give required results, that is why they do not worth all expenses and losses. Therefore the main goal of humanity is to decide whether it is more relevant to continue experimentation or fight against it. The solution of that problem can be considered essential, because it refers to the lives of not only people but non-human animals also. According to Monamy (2009), today every student and researcher involved in animal experimentation should consider a number of ethical questions (Monamy, 2009, p.37). A man is the most powerful entity on the planet. That is why his major task is protection of plants and animals that are not able to take care of themselves for saving and passing on this world to the future generations. However , making experiments on helpless animals, people cut, burn, and drown their bodies, feed them with chemicals and drugs that influence on health and comfort dangerously. Moreover, to be able to observe animal’s reaction often researchers damage skin of the creature deliberately and lubricate it with experimental substance, or treat animal’s eyes with a new drops that in the result causes blindness of the poor animal. Sometimes for testing